[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1210},["ShallowReactive",2],{"microcopies":3,"page-data-/eye-health/eye-conditions/eye-anatomy":9},{"of":4,"jumpToSection":5,"home":6,"availableAt":7,"accessedUpdated":8},"of","Jump to section","Home","Available at","Accessed",{"queryData":10,"breadcrumbTrail":1209},{"contentPage":11},{"entryTitle":12,"pageTitle":13,"seoMetaData":14,"topSection":18,"bottomSection":25,"anchors":37,"mainSectionCollection":75},"NZ -  Eye Health - Eye Conditions - Eye Anatomy","Eye anatomy: parts of the eye ",{"metaDescription":15,"indexed":16,"follow":16,"metaKeywords":17,"updatedForProjectAlphabet":16},"Eye anatomy explained: discover the main parts of the eye, how vision works and why understanding eye health is important.",true,null,{"__typename":19,"sys":20,"button":17,"title":13,"subtitle":22,"theme":23,"heroHeightVersion":24},"HeroBanner",{"id":21},"27B1M54ogignbWSZtTqIon","Discover how your eye works with our comprehensive guide to eye anatomy. Learn about each part of the eyeball and how they work together. ","Ellipse","Condensed",{"__typename":26,"sys":27,"title":29,"body":30,"buttonsCollection":31},"FullWidthBannerFooter",{"id":28},"51o4LDgfgwIbWVUJ0kcQ8X","Let's get your vision sorted","Noticed a change in your sight? Whether it’s something new or something that’s been bothering you for a while, we’re here to help. ",{"items":32},[33],{"linkText":34,"linkUrl":35,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36},"Book an eye test","/book/location",false,{"anchorLinksCollection":38},{"items":39},[40,45,50,55,60,65,70],{"anchorLabel":41,"includeLinkInPageNav":16,"anchorTarget":42},"What are the Main Parts of the Eye?",{"sys":43},{"id":44},"4uShGKBrbyEzE3PWrSp99v",{"anchorLabel":46,"includeLinkInPageNav":16,"anchorTarget":47},"Muscles in the Eye ",{"sys":48},{"id":49},"48A9itRDo36TUAVjbTuVBJ",{"anchorLabel":51,"includeLinkInPageNav":16,"anchorTarget":52},"What Causes Eye Problems?",{"sys":53},{"id":54},"7kPnfaIpYJfpCvCaOWqn2B",{"anchorLabel":56,"includeLinkInPageNav":16,"anchorTarget":57}," How are Eye Problems Diagnosed? 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",{"__typename":86,"sys":87,"title":89,"subtitle":90,"hotspotConfigurator":91,"hotspotImageReference":157},"MediaHotspotCarousel",{"id":88},"51Gy1oTzwnLSIKth9W7Apj","How the eye works ","To understand, it helps to follow how light travels through your eye. ",{"assetId":92,"hotspots":93},"350sGiM8GbjQkEI0o4ovOO",[94,107,117,127,137,147],{"x":95,"y":96,"id":97,"label":98,"theme":99,"isValid":16,"bodyCopy":100,"naturalX":101,"naturalY":102,"percentageX":103,"percentageY":104,"appImageWidth":105,"appImageHeight":106},195.49998474121094,205.33331298828125,"FBfwbyIcWD_lvF4GjphCz","Cornea","Light","This is a see-through, dome-shaped front layer that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. It provides about 70% of your eye's focusing power by refracting (bending) light as it enters. Irregularities in the cornea's shape can cause astigmatism, where light doesn't focus properly on the retina. ",227.74969781001138,239.292283982497,22.241181426758924,39.48717557466947,879,520,{"x":108,"y":109,"id":110,"label":111,"theme":99,"isValid":16,"bodyCopy":112,"naturalX":113,"naturalY":114,"percentageX":115,"percentageY":116,"appImageWidth":105,"appImageHeight":106},203.5,289.33331298828125,"RQcVuibJSJ42MKrWbXEOG","Iris and pupil","The iris is the coloured part of your eye containing muscles that control the pupil size. The pupil is the dark opening that allows light to enter. In bright conditions, the pupil constricts (gets narrower); in dim light, it dilates (gets wider) to let more light in. ",237.0693970420933,337.18459167480466,23.151308304891923,55.64102172851562,{"x":118,"y":119,"id":120,"label":121,"theme":99,"isValid":16,"bodyCopy":122,"naturalX":123,"naturalY":124,"percentageX":125,"percentageY":126,"appImageWidth":105,"appImageHeight":106},311.50000000000006,220,"QkUYl6fSPkJvQxSocXXlj","Lens ","Located behind the iris, the lens provides 30% of your eye's focusing power and can change shape for near and distance vision. As we age, the lens loses flexibility, leading to presbyopia where near vision becomes difficult. ",362.88509670079645,256.38461538461536,35.43799772468715,42.3076923076923,{"x":128,"y":129,"id":130,"label":131,"theme":99,"isValid":16,"bodyCopy":132,"naturalX":133,"naturalY":134,"percentageX":135,"percentageY":136,"appImageWidth":105,"appImageHeight":106},580.8333740234375,149.33334350585938,"Nud_EeC1CSi5wdZQCMsMX","Retina ","The light-sensitive tissue lining the back of your eye that converts light into electrical signals. The retina contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) that detect light and colour, sending signals via the optic nerve to your brain. ",676.6477531285552,174.0307810856746,66.07888214146047,28.717950674203728,{"x":138,"y":139,"id":140,"label":141,"theme":99,"isValid":16,"bodyCopy":142,"naturalX":143,"naturalY":144,"percentageX":145,"percentageY":146,"appImageWidth":105,"appImageHeight":106},271.50000000000006,161.33331298828125,"whNSXqsD_utazTLXU9Q6B","Aqueous Humour ","The clear fluid filling the front chambers of your eye. It maintains eye pressure, provides nutrients to tissues without blood vessels, and removes waste. Problems with drainage can lead to glaucoma. ",316.28668941979527,188.0153609055739,30.88737201365188,31.025637113131012,{"x":148,"y":149,"id":150,"label":151,"theme":99,"isValid":16,"bodyCopy":152,"naturalX":153,"naturalY":154,"percentageX":155,"percentageY":156,"appImageWidth":105,"appImageHeight":106},426.16668701171875,253.33334350585938,"pdVu3JIeoyJhI-WiDyTPx","Vitreous Humour","The gel-like substance filling the large cavity behind the lens. It helps maintain the eye's shape and allows light to pass through to the retina. Changes with age can cause floaters and flashes.",496.4672212741752,295.2307810856746,48.48312707755617,48.71795067420373,{"url":158},"https://images.ctfassets.net/uuaxywrybmpn/350sGiM8GbjQkEI0o4ovOO/7e4782176839acfa37700a5ed7f9b183/blind-spot-pupil-reflex-2zejrof6swffvdyi15fr40.jpg",{"__typename":160,"sys":161,"theme":162,"genericTextComponent":163},"ContentTypeRichText",{"id":44},"Cool Blue",{"json":164,"links":185},{"data":165,"content":166,"nodeType":184},{},[167,176],{"data":168,"content":169,"nodeType":175},{},[170],{"data":171,"marks":172,"value":173,"nodeType":174},{},[],"What are the main parts of the eye? ","text","heading-2",{"data":177,"content":178,"nodeType":183},{},[179],{"data":180,"marks":181,"value":182,"nodeType":174},{},[],"The anatomy of the eye includes several key structures working together for vision. The front of the eye contains the cornea, iris, pupil, and lens, which focus light. The middle contains the aqueous and vitreous humour that maintain eye shape and pressure. The back contains the retina, macula, and optic nerve that process light into vision. Understanding eye anatomy helps explain how conditions like short sightedness (myopia) and astigmatism affect your sight. ","paragraph","document",{"entries":186},{"block":187},[],{"__typename":160,"sys":189,"theme":191,"genericTextComponent":192},{"id":190},"5o8pBIXGf3VpiqcDlMxjjV","Mono White",{"json":193,"links":228},{"nodeType":184,"data":194,"content":195},{},[196,204,212,221],{"nodeType":197,"data":198,"content":199},"heading-4",{},[200],{"nodeType":174,"value":201,"marks":202,"data":203},"Let’s get your vision sorted ",[],{},{"nodeType":205,"data":206,"content":207},"heading-5",{},[208],{"nodeType":174,"value":209,"marks":210,"data":211},"Noticed your eyes hurting, or a change in your sight? Whether it’s something new or something that’s been bothering you for a while, we’re here to help.  ",[],{},{"nodeType":213,"data":214,"content":220},"embedded-entry-block",{"target":215},{"sys":216},{"id":217,"type":218,"linkType":219},"395b8esPHoSP6jWAob1ApE","Link","Entry",[],{"nodeType":183,"data":222,"content":223},{},[224],{"nodeType":174,"value":225,"marks":226,"data":227},"",[],{},{"entries":229},{"block":230},[231],{"__typename":218,"sys":232,"linkText":34,"linkUrl":35,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36},{"id":217},{"__typename":160,"sys":234,"theme":162,"genericTextComponent":235},{"id":49},{"json":236,"links":264},{"data":237,"content":238,"nodeType":184},{},[239,246,253,258],{"data":240,"content":241,"nodeType":175},{},[242],{"data":243,"marks":244,"value":245,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Muscles in the eye ",{"data":247,"content":248,"nodeType":183},{},[249],{"data":250,"marks":251,"value":252,"nodeType":174},{},[],"The anatomy of the human eye includes six muscles that control eye movement. Each eye has four rectus muscles (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) that move the eye up, down, inward, and outward. Two oblique muscles (superior and inferior) provide rotational movements. These eye anatomy muscles must work in perfect coordination for proper vision, depth perception, and eye alignment. Problems with these muscles can cause double vision or eye strain. ",{"data":254,"content":257,"nodeType":213},{"target":255},{"sys":256},{"id":217,"type":218,"linkType":219},[],{"data":259,"content":260,"nodeType":183},{},[261],{"data":262,"marks":263,"value":225,"nodeType":174},{},[],{"entries":265},{"block":266},[267],{"__typename":218,"sys":268,"linkText":34,"linkUrl":35,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36},{"id":217},{"__typename":160,"sys":270,"theme":191,"genericTextComponent":272},{"id":271},"4S2bb9pWCDoA2Cg7PAwWcL",{"json":273,"links":353},{"data":274,"content":275,"nodeType":184},{},[276,283,289,296,304,311,318,325,332,339,346],{"data":277,"content":278,"nodeType":175},{},[279],{"data":280,"marks":281,"value":282,"nodeType":174},{},[],"A diagram of how the eye works ",{"data":284,"content":288,"nodeType":213},{"target":285},{"sys":286},{"id":287,"type":218,"linkType":219},"4Xrd31PuNYo8bRWKtcSyj9",[],{"data":290,"content":291,"nodeType":183},{},[292],{"data":293,"marks":294,"value":295,"nodeType":174},{},[],"The diagram of an eye shows how light travels through each part to create vision. Light enters through the cornea, passes through the aqueous humour and pupil, gets focused by the lens, travels through the vitreous humour, and reaches the retina where it's converted to electrical signals sent to the brain via the optic nerve. ",{"data":297,"content":298,"nodeType":303},{},[299],{"data":300,"marks":301,"value":302,"nodeType":174},{},[],"1. Light enters the cornea","heading-3",{"data":305,"content":306,"nodeType":183},{},[307],{"data":308,"marks":309,"value":310,"nodeType":174},{},[],"The clear, dome-shaped cornea provides most of your eye's focusing power, bending light rays as they enter your eye. ",{"data":312,"content":313,"nodeType":303},{},[314],{"data":315,"marks":316,"value":317,"nodeType":174},{},[],"2. Iris controls light entry",{"data":319,"content":320,"nodeType":183},{},[321],{"data":322,"marks":323,"value":324,"nodeType":174},{},[],"The coloured iris adjusts the pupil size to regulate how much light enters the deeper parts of your eye, protecting the retina in bright conditions. ",{"data":326,"content":327,"nodeType":303},{},[328],{"data":329,"marks":330,"value":331,"nodeType":174},{},[],"3. Lens focuses the image",{"data":333,"content":334,"nodeType":183},{},[335],{"data":336,"marks":337,"value":338,"nodeType":174},{},[],"The flexible lens changes shape to focus light precisely on the retina, allowing you to see objects at different distances clearly. ",{"data":340,"content":341,"nodeType":303},{},[342],{"data":343,"marks":344,"value":345,"nodeType":174},{},[],"4. Retina processes light",{"data":347,"content":348,"nodeType":183},{},[349],{"data":350,"marks":351,"value":352,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Light-sensitive photoreceptors in the retina convert light into electrical signals that travel via the optic nerve to your brain. ",{"entries":354},{"block":355},[356],{"__typename":357,"sys":358,"imageEntriesCollection":359},"MediaImageSet",{"id":287},{"items":360},[361],{"__typename":362,"sys":363,"captionText":17,"imageAltText":17,"imageLink":17,"image":365},"MediaImage",{"id":364},"1YbYsGAQqE6UVevw7I77e1",{"url":366},"https://images.ctfassets.net/uuaxywrybmpn/2H921CMvU1m7Jq6e9FXbrE/3af3628f1e3fac00137b6663519f5776/614319_UK_Inner-Eye_Asset_800x600.jpg",{"__typename":368,"sys":369,"title":371,"body":372,"theme":23,"buttonCollection":373},"FullWidthBannerSimple",{"id":370},"3SBeDhQHIMUyV6Nu0cyrm5","Let’s get your vision sorted","Noticed your eyes hurting, or a change in your sight? Whether it’s something new or something that’s been bothering you for a while, we’re here to help. ",{"items":374},[375],{"linkText":34,"linkUrl":35,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36},{"__typename":377,"sys":378,"switchSequenceAtMobile":36,"backgroundTheme":379,"leftColumnCollection":380,"rightColumnCollection":406},"TwoColumnLayout",{"id":54},"White",{"items":381},[382],{"__typename":160,"sys":383,"theme":191,"genericTextComponent":385},{"id":384},"VhUxD8D3DaW560wHMbEMC",{"json":386,"links":403},{"data":387,"content":388,"nodeType":184},{},[389,396],{"data":390,"content":391,"nodeType":303},{},[392],{"data":393,"marks":394,"value":395,"nodeType":174},{},[],"What causes eye problems? ",{"data":397,"content":398,"nodeType":183},{},[399],{"data":400,"marks":401,"value":402,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Problems with eye anatomy can affect different parts of your vision system. Issues with the cornea or lens can cause focusing problems, while retinal conditions can affect how light is processed. Understanding the anatomy of eye structures helps explain why conditions develop and how they're treated. ",{"entries":404},{"block":405},[],{"items":407},[408],{"__typename":160,"sys":409,"theme":191,"genericTextComponent":411},{"id":410},"6F4eZAJoOTXkkS71qnN2Cj",{"json":412,"links":477},{"nodeType":184,"data":413,"content":414},{},[415,422,466,471],{"nodeType":303,"data":416,"content":417},{},[418],{"nodeType":174,"value":419,"marks":420,"data":421},"Who's more likely to get eye problems? ",[],{},{"nodeType":183,"data":423,"content":424},{},[425,429,438,442,450,454,462],{"nodeType":174,"value":426,"marks":427,"data":428},"People with certain risk factors are more likely to experience eye problems. This includes those with diabetes who may develop ",[],{},{"nodeType":430,"data":431,"content":433},"hyperlink",{"uri":432},"/eye-health/eye-conditions/diabetic-retinopathy",[434],{"nodeType":174,"value":435,"marks":436,"data":437},"diabetic retinopathy",[],{},{"nodeType":174,"value":439,"marks":440,"data":441},", older adults who may develop ",[],{},{"nodeType":430,"data":443,"content":445},{"uri":444},"/eye-health/eye-conditions/cataract",[446],{"nodeType":174,"value":447,"marks":448,"data":449},"cataracts ",[],{},{"nodeType":174,"value":451,"marks":452,"data":453},"or ",[],{},{"nodeType":430,"data":455,"content":457},{"uri":456},"/eye-health/eye-conditions/glaucoma",[458],{"nodeType":174,"value":459,"marks":460,"data":461},"glaucoma",[],{},{"nodeType":174,"value":463,"marks":464,"data":465},", and people with family history of eye conditions. ",[],{},{"nodeType":213,"data":467,"content":470},{"target":468},{"sys":469},{"id":217,"type":218,"linkType":219},[],{"nodeType":183,"data":472,"content":473},{},[474],{"nodeType":174,"value":225,"marks":475,"data":476},[],{},{"entries":478},{"block":479},[480],{"__typename":218,"sys":481,"linkText":34,"linkUrl":35,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36},{"id":217},{"__typename":160,"sys":483,"theme":162,"genericTextComponent":484},{"id":59},{"json":485,"links":550},{"data":486,"content":487,"nodeType":184},{},[488,495,502,508,515,522,529,536,543],{"data":489,"content":490,"nodeType":175},{},[491],{"data":492,"marks":493,"value":494,"nodeType":174},{},[],"How are eye problems diagnosed? ",{"data":496,"content":497,"nodeType":183},{},[498],{"data":499,"marks":500,"value":501,"nodeType":174},{},[],"An optometrist can diagnose eye problems by examining all parts of your eye anatomy. They use specialised equipment to look at the front and back of your eye, test your vision, and check how well your eye muscles work together. Regular eye tests help detect problems early when treatment is most effective. ",{"data":503,"content":507,"nodeType":213},{"target":504},{"sys":505},{"id":506,"type":218,"linkType":219},"2iYyUxHVfTPm5mwXXRMvLU",[],{"data":509,"content":510,"nodeType":303},{},[511],{"data":512,"marks":513,"value":514,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Patient history",{"data":516,"content":517,"nodeType":183},{},[518],{"data":519,"marks":520,"value":521,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Your optometrist will ask about your symptoms, any previous eye problems, and your general health to understand your eye health. ",{"data":523,"content":524,"nodeType":303},{},[525],{"data":526,"marks":527,"value":528,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Vision testing",{"data":530,"content":531,"nodeType":183},{},[532],{"data":533,"marks":534,"value":535,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Comprehensive tests check how well each part of your visual system works, including tests for refractive errors and colour vision. ",{"data":537,"content":538,"nodeType":303},{},[539],{"data":540,"marks":541,"value":542,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Eye examination ",{"data":544,"content":545,"nodeType":183},{},[546],{"data":547,"marks":548,"value":549,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Using specialised equipment to examine the cornea, lens, retina, and optic nerve for signs of disease or damage. ",{"entries":551},{"block":552},[553],{"__typename":357,"sys":554,"imageEntriesCollection":555},{"id":506},{"items":556},[557],{"__typename":362,"sys":558,"captionText":17,"imageAltText":560,"imageLink":17,"image":561},{"id":559},"3Qad9CC7FVvG3UmWjmeFyL","An eye care professional smiles while talking to two patients in an examination room with medical equipment and computer monitors.",{"url":562},"https://images.ctfassets.net/uuaxywrybmpn/7nCPIhshGEO4NYU1HvEyHC/e875bf12bd1499aa717cc60b8865e371/bulk_billing_content1-960x700.webp",{"__typename":160,"sys":564,"theme":191,"genericTextComponent":565},{"id":64},{"json":566,"links":594},{"data":567,"content":568,"nodeType":184},{},[569,576,583,588],{"data":570,"content":571,"nodeType":175},{},[572],{"data":573,"marks":574,"value":575,"nodeType":174},{},[],"How are eye problems treated? ",{"data":577,"content":578,"nodeType":183},{},[579],{"data":580,"marks":581,"value":582,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Treatment for eye problems depends on which part of the eye anatomy is affected. Refractive errors affecting the cornea or lens can often be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. More serious conditions affecting the retina or optic nerve may require medical treatment or surgery. Early detection through regular eye tests is key to successful treatment. ",{"data":584,"content":587,"nodeType":213},{"target":585},{"sys":586},{"id":217,"type":218,"linkType":219},[],{"data":589,"content":590,"nodeType":183},{},[591],{"data":592,"marks":593,"value":225,"nodeType":174},{},[],{"entries":595},{"block":596},[597],{"__typename":218,"sys":598,"linkText":34,"linkUrl":35,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36},{"id":217},{"__typename":160,"sys":600,"theme":162,"genericTextComponent":602},{"id":601},"37apkvBWcEYbiJYW6c4OMA",{"json":603,"links":662},{"data":604,"content":605,"nodeType":184},{},[606,613,620,627,634,641,648,655],{"data":607,"content":608,"nodeType":303},{},[609],{"data":610,"marks":611,"value":612,"nodeType":174},{},[],"When eye problems need medical help ",{"data":614,"content":615,"nodeType":183},{},[616],{"data":617,"marks":618,"value":619,"nodeType":174},{},[],"While some vision changes are normal with age, certain symptoms require prompt attention. Understanding your eye anatomy helps you recognise when problems might be serious and need professional care. ",{"data":621,"content":622,"nodeType":197},{},[623],{"data":624,"marks":625,"value":626,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Corrective lenses",{"data":628,"content":629,"nodeType":183},{},[630],{"data":631,"marks":632,"value":633,"nodeType":174},{},[],"For refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism, glasses or contact lenses can correct focusing problems by compensating for irregularities in the eye's anatomy. ",{"data":635,"content":636,"nodeType":197},{},[637],{"data":638,"marks":639,"value":640,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Medical treatment ",{"data":642,"content":643,"nodeType":183},{},[644],{"data":645,"marks":646,"value":647,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Conditions like glaucoma may require eye drops or other medications to reduce eye pressure and protect the optic nerve from further damage. ",{"data":649,"content":650,"nodeType":197},{},[651],{"data":652,"marks":653,"value":654,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Surgery",{"data":656,"content":657,"nodeType":183},{},[658],{"data":659,"marks":660,"value":661,"nodeType":174},{},[],"For conditions like cataracts, surgery to replace the cloudy lens with a clear artificial lens is a common and highly successful treatment. ",{"entries":663},{"block":664},[],{"__typename":160,"sys":666,"theme":191,"genericTextComponent":668},{"id":667},"341qrSLt0rEqCrz2b71hdl",{"json":669,"links":686},{"data":670,"content":671,"nodeType":184},{},[672,679],{"data":673,"content":674,"nodeType":303},{},[675],{"data":676,"marks":677,"value":678,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Preventing eye problems ",{"data":680,"content":681,"nodeType":183},{},[682],{"data":683,"marks":684,"value":685,"nodeType":174},{},[],"While not all eye problems can be prevented, you can take steps to protect your eye health and reduce your risk. This includes wearing sunglasses to protect from UV damage, eating a healthy diet rich in vitamins, not smoking, and having regular eye tests to detect problems early. ",{"entries":687},{"block":688},[],{"__typename":690,"sys":691,"title":692,"theme":379,"expandFirstRow":36,"accordionEntriesCollection":693},"Accordion",{"id":74},"Frequently Asked Eye Anatomy Questions",{"items":694},[695,711,726,741,756,771,786,801],{"__typename":696,"sys":697,"panel":699,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":710},"Faq",{"id":698},"58RswEwPqL4TmQvBUZiO8j",{"json":700},{"data":701,"content":702,"nodeType":184},{},[703],{"data":704,"content":705,"nodeType":183},{},[706],{"data":707,"marks":708,"value":709,"nodeType":174},{},[],"The main parts include the cornea (clear front layer), iris (colored part), pupil (opening), lens (focusing element), retina (light-sensitive back layer), macula (central vision area), optic nerve (connection to brain), and supporting structures like muscles and fluids. ","What are the main parts of the eye?",{"__typename":696,"sys":712,"panel":714,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":725},{"id":713},"2wXhMqzljbWj7bNatjnobC",{"json":715},{"nodeType":184,"data":716,"content":717},{},[718],{"nodeType":183,"data":719,"content":720},{},[721],{"nodeType":174,"value":722,"marks":723,"data":724},"The iris is found behind the cornea and in front of the lens. It's the coloured part that gives you your distinctive eye colour and controls the pupil size to regulate light entry. ",[],{},"Where is the iris found in the eye?",{"__typename":696,"sys":727,"panel":729,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":740},{"id":728},"6wYLD4L8xHAvdGnKoCeECH",{"json":730},{"data":731,"content":732,"nodeType":184},{},[733],{"data":734,"content":735,"nodeType":183},{},[736],{"data":737,"marks":738,"value":739,"nodeType":174},{},[],"The aqueous humour is a clear fluid that fills the front chambers of your eye. It maintains eye pressure, provides nutrients to tissues without blood vessels, and removes waste products. ","What is the aqueous humour? ",{"__typename":696,"sys":742,"panel":744,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":755},{"id":743},"5J6Sf8bb6iuDi3SNJC028j",{"json":745},{"nodeType":184,"data":746,"content":747},{},[748],{"nodeType":183,"data":749,"content":750},{},[751],{"nodeType":174,"value":752,"marks":753,"data":754},"Six extraocular muscles control eye movement: four rectus muscles move the eye up, down, inward, and outward, while two oblique muscles provide rotational movements. They must work in perfect coordination. ",[],{},"How do the eye anatomy muscles work? ",{"__typename":696,"sys":757,"panel":759,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":770},{"id":758},"10lrOI4C5I0ZAwSbr1gHjj",{"json":760},{"nodeType":184,"data":761,"content":762},{},[763],{"nodeType":183,"data":764,"content":765},{},[766],{"nodeType":174,"value":767,"marks":768,"data":769},"The cornea is the fixed front layer providing 70% of focusing power, while the lens is behind the iris providing 30% and can change shape for near and distance vision. ",[],{},"What's the difference between the cornea and lens?",{"__typename":696,"sys":772,"panel":774,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":785},{"id":773},"7B85MAmAzmxVg1U7EOv9O9",{"json":775},{"nodeType":184,"data":776,"content":777},{},[778],{"nodeType":183,"data":779,"content":780},{},[781],{"nodeType":174,"value":782,"marks":783,"data":784},"The macula is the small, central area of the retina responsible for detailed central vision, allowing you to read, recognise faces, and see fine detail. ",[],{},"What does the macula do? ",{"__typename":696,"sys":787,"panel":789,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":800},{"id":788},"617DBqt5g3iZ2OnKoJCWIx",{"json":790},{"nodeType":184,"data":791,"content":792},{},[793],{"nodeType":183,"data":794,"content":795},{},[796],{"nodeType":174,"value":797,"marks":798,"data":799},"The optic nerve carries visual information from the retina to your brain, where it’s processed into the images you see. ",[],{},"What is the optic nerve’s function?",{"__typename":696,"sys":802,"panel":804,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":815},{"id":803},"5KhR6kmkEj3lPJXK9ezNIZ",{"json":805},{"nodeType":184,"data":806,"content":807},{},[808],{"nodeType":183,"data":809,"content":810},{},[811],{"nodeType":174,"value":812,"marks":813,"data":814},"The iris muscles contract or relax to make the pupil smaller in bright light and larger in dim light, helping control how much light enters the eye. ",[],{},"How does the pupil change size? ",{"__typename":368,"sys":817,"title":819,"body":820,"theme":821,"buttonCollection":822},{"id":818},"1WGy75Pd8zIB5q5ZpdA2sW","Did you know?","AA Members are entitled to a free eye test (valued at $60), once every two years. Remember to present your AA Membership card in-store.","Block Colour",{"items":823},[824,827],{"linkText":825,"linkUrl":826,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36},"Book an appointment","/stores",{"linkText":828,"linkUrl":829,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36},"See more eye conditions","/eye-health/eye-conditions",{"__typename":831,"sys":832,"title":834,"backgroundTheme":379,"authorEntriesCollection":835},"AuthorContainer",{"id":833},"hVemwhIJHzmIB1xPTweeY","Written with care and checked for accuracy ",{"items":836},[837],{"authorBiography":838,"authorName":856,"authorQualification":857,"authorPhoto":858},{"json":839},{"nodeType":184,"data":840,"content":841},{},[842,849],{"nodeType":183,"data":843,"content":844},{},[845],{"nodeType":174,"value":846,"marks":847,"data":848},"Amy Giang graduated from the University of Melbourne in 2011 with a Bachelor of Optometry and is therapeutically endorsed. She brings over a decade of experience across private practice and corporate optometry in both regional and metropolitan settings. ",[],{},{"nodeType":183,"data":850,"content":851},{},[852],{"nodeType":174,"value":853,"marks":854,"data":855},"After practising at Specsavers Melbourne CBD West, Amy transitioned into her current role as Clinical Services Development Consultant for Australia and New Zealand. In this role, she collaborates to deliver clinical technology solutions, empowering optometrists and enhancing the patient experience.",[],{},"Amy Giang","B. Optom",{"url":859},"https://images.ctfassets.net/uuaxywrybmpn/5pPERqy14wtRHzP8smUW8/e47ab2cc70b9f2c499df4cd6096c4ed9/Human_Eye_2.jpg",{"__typename":861,"sys":862,"title":864,"theme":379,"listType":865,"expandAccordion":36,"accordionEntriesCollection":866},"SingleRowAccordion",{"id":863},"4FCZy9YiBM5gEIO3TGqdEw","Sources we've used","Numbered",{"items":867},[868,877,883,890,897,904,911,917,923],{"__typename":869,"sys":870,"citationAuthor":872,"citationYear":873,"citationDescription":874,"citationUrl":875,"citationAccessedUpdatedDate":876},"Citation",{"id":871},"5b8TR8gm8eMkohMCEsO8fi","Rehman",2023,"Anatomy, Head and Neck, Eye. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing","https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482428/","2025-08-17T00:00:00.000Z",{"__typename":869,"sys":878,"citationAuthor":880,"citationYear":17,"citationDescription":881,"citationUrl":882,"citationAccessedUpdatedDate":876},{"id":879},"62wBgXLXoYRKfu1nkKtx85","Neuroscience ","(n.d.) Anatomy of the Eye. NCBI Bookshelf","https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11120/",{"__typename":869,"sys":884,"citationAuthor":886,"citationYear":887,"citationDescription":888,"citationUrl":889,"citationAccessedUpdatedDate":876},{"id":885},"3uqYi7XpASWTzYvFVzCIwX","Kolb, H",2007,"Gross Anatomy of the Eye. In: Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System. University of Utah","https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11534/",{"__typename":869,"sys":891,"citationAuthor":893,"citationYear":894,"citationDescription":895,"citationUrl":896,"citationAccessedUpdatedDate":876},{"id":892},"1krP2CB9coOzzrluWvUUVO","Kels, B.D.",2015,"‘Human ocular anatomy’, Clinical Anatomy, 28(1), pp. 71–99.","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25704934/",{"__typename":869,"sys":898,"citationAuthor":900,"citationYear":901,"citationDescription":902,"citationUrl":903,"citationAccessedUpdatedDate":876},{"id":899},"3BqVqJ7lUO1Hu9XIp3se8T","  Willoughby, C.E.",2010," ‘Anatomy and physiology of the human eye: effects on ocular physiology’, Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, 38(2), pp. 93–101","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02363.x",{"__typename":869,"sys":905,"citationAuthor":907,"citationYear":908,"citationDescription":909,"citationUrl":910,"citationAccessedUpdatedDate":876},{"id":906},"7wbpbij3TA56vTJWY402yJ","Ludwig, P.E. ",2024,"Physiology, Eye. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29262001/",{"__typename":869,"sys":912,"citationAuthor":914,"citationYear":17,"citationDescription":915,"citationUrl":916,"citationAccessedUpdatedDate":876},{"id":913},"4HLBkBYr4Lyma8DoqDui5u","Kenhub "," (n.d.) ‘Eye anatomy: Muscles, arteries, nerves and lacrimal gland’. Kenhub.","https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/eye-anatomy",{"__typename":869,"sys":918,"citationAuthor":920,"citationYear":873,"citationDescription":921,"citationUrl":922,"citationAccessedUpdatedDate":876},{"id":919},"6kkzruJoNCcjxvkDf2Ajhq","American Academy of Ophthalmology","‘Eye Anatomy: Parts of the Eye and How We See’ AAO.","https://www.aao.org/eye-health/anatomy/parts-of-eye",{"__typename":869,"sys":924,"citationAuthor":926,"citationYear":927,"citationDescription":928,"citationUrl":929,"citationAccessedUpdatedDate":876},{"id":925},"2gAkcEo8CPpOtYzDATyWvL","Cleveland Clinic ",2021,"‘Eyes: How They Work, Anatomy & Common Conditions’.","https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21823-eyes",{"__typename":690,"sys":931,"title":932,"theme":379,"expandFirstRow":36,"accordionEntriesCollection":933},{"id":69},"Common eye health conditions",{"items":934},[935,961,988,1014,1040,1065,1091,1116,1142],{"__typename":696,"sys":936,"panel":938,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":960},{"id":937},"2qwbDnDXtIe0NBjHxqHfgd",{"json":939},{"data":940,"content":941,"nodeType":184},{},[942],{"data":943,"content":944,"nodeType":183},{},[945,949,957],{"data":946,"marks":947,"value":948,"nodeType":174},{},[],"This occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea too curved, causing distant objects to appear blurry while close objects remain clear. \n \n",{"data":950,"content":952,"nodeType":430},{"uri":951},"/eye-health/eye-conditions/myopia",[953],{"data":954,"marks":955,"value":956,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Learn more about short sightedness (myopia) ",{"data":958,"marks":959,"value":225,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Short sightedness (myopia) ",{"__typename":696,"sys":962,"panel":964,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":987},{"id":963},"2kNrZ2ZzVg8JDa4MyR331O",{"json":965},{"data":966,"content":967,"nodeType":184},{},[968],{"data":969,"content":970,"nodeType":183},{},[971,975,983],{"data":972,"marks":973,"value":974,"nodeType":174},{},[],"This happens when the eyeball is too short or the cornea too flat, making close objects difficult to see clearly while distant vision may be less affected. \n \n",{"data":976,"content":978,"nodeType":430},{"uri":977},"/eye-health/eye-conditions/long-sightedness",[979],{"data":980,"marks":981,"value":982,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Learn more about long sightedness",{"data":984,"marks":985,"value":986,"nodeType":174},{},[],".  ","Long sightedness (hyperopia) ",{"__typename":696,"sys":989,"panel":991,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":1013},{"id":990},"4KmPYMtRTlsnkNqrq7ZySJ",{"json":992},{"data":993,"content":994,"nodeType":184},{},[995],{"data":996,"content":997,"nodeType":183},{},[998,1002,1010],{"data":999,"marks":1000,"value":1001,"nodeType":174},{},[],"An irregularly shaped cornea or lens that prevents light from focusing properly on the retina, causing blurred or distorted vision at all distances. \n",{"data":1003,"content":1005,"nodeType":430},{"uri":1004},"/eye-health/eye-conditions/astigmatism",[1006],{"data":1007,"marks":1008,"value":1009,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Learn more about astigmatism",{"data":1011,"marks":1012,"value":225,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Astigmatism",{"__typename":696,"sys":1015,"panel":1017,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":1039},{"id":1016},"7vH1PBoso3YtNMgMe08AQO",{"json":1018},{"data":1019,"content":1020,"nodeType":184},{},[1021],{"data":1022,"content":1023,"nodeType":183},{},[1024,1028,1036],{"data":1025,"marks":1026,"value":1027,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Age-related loss of lens flexibility that makes it difficult to focus on close objects, typically becoming noticeable in your 40s. \n \n",{"data":1029,"content":1031,"nodeType":430},{"uri":1030},"/eye-health/eye-conditions/presbyopia",[1032],{"data":1033,"marks":1034,"value":1035,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Learn more about presbyopia",{"data":1037,"marks":1038,"value":225,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Presbyopia ",{"__typename":696,"sys":1041,"panel":1043,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":1064},{"id":1042},"6EAwUO2rlrtptDcTyNwNSR",{"json":1044},{"data":1045,"content":1046,"nodeType":184},{},[1047],{"data":1048,"content":1049,"nodeType":183},{},[1050,1054,1061],{"data":1051,"marks":1052,"value":1053,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Clouding of the eye's natural lens that blocks light from reaching the retina clearly, causing blurred vision and increased glare sensitivity. \n \n",{"data":1055,"content":1056,"nodeType":430},{"uri":444},[1057],{"data":1058,"marks":1059,"value":1060,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Learn more about cataracts",{"data":1062,"marks":1063,"value":225,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Cataracts ",{"__typename":696,"sys":1066,"panel":1068,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":1090},{"id":1067},"7l6KNaBSKg7O8HO2d6mDDp",{"json":1069},{"data":1070,"content":1071,"nodeType":184},{},[1072],{"data":1073,"content":1074,"nodeType":183},{},[1075,1079,1086],{"data":1076,"marks":1077,"value":1078,"nodeType":174},{},[],"A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often associated with increased eye pressure. Can cause gradual vision loss without symptoms. \n \n",{"data":1080,"content":1081,"nodeType":430},{"uri":456},[1082],{"data":1083,"marks":1084,"value":1085,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Learn more about glaucoma",{"data":1087,"marks":1088,"value":1089,"nodeType":174},{},[]," ","Glaucoma",{"__typename":696,"sys":1092,"panel":1094,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":1115},{"id":1093},"pKutZLwiQM2LOOBWxpR4G",{"json":1095},{"data":1096,"content":1097,"nodeType":184},{},[1098],{"data":1099,"content":1100,"nodeType":183},{},[1101,1105,1112],{"data":1102,"marks":1103,"value":1104,"nodeType":174},{},[],"A complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, potentially leading to vision loss if not detected and treated early. \n \n",{"data":1106,"content":1107,"nodeType":430},{"uri":432},[1108],{"data":1109,"marks":1110,"value":1111,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Learn more about diabetic retinopathy",{"data":1113,"marks":1114,"value":225,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Diabetic retinopathy ",{"__typename":696,"sys":1117,"panel":1119,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":1141},{"id":1118},"6LAIONS06XGMyXpLsudx73",{"json":1120},{"data":1121,"content":1122,"nodeType":184},{},[1123],{"data":1124,"content":1125,"nodeType":183},{},[1126,1130,1138],{"data":1127,"marks":1128,"value":1129,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Changes in the vitreous humour that can cause small spots or threads to drift across your vision, or flashing lights in your peripheral vision. \n",{"data":1131,"content":1133,"nodeType":430},{"uri":1132},"/eye-health/eye-conditions/eye-floaters",[1134],{"data":1135,"marks":1136,"value":1137,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Learn more about floaters and flashes ",{"data":1139,"marks":1140,"value":225,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Floaters and flashes ",{"__typename":696,"sys":1143,"panel":1145,"link":17,"faqCategory":17,"header":1156},{"id":1144},"1IfhBHiXAW4yBZcg3YWEEf",{"json":1146},{"data":1147,"content":1148,"nodeType":184},{},[1149],{"data":1150,"content":1151,"nodeType":183},{},[1152],{"data":1153,"marks":1154,"value":1155,"nodeType":174},{},[],"A condition where the vitreous gel doesn't separate cleanly from the macula, potentially causing distorted central vision. ","Vitreomacular traction ",{"__typename":1158,"sys":1159,"title":1161,"body":17,"backgroundTheme":379,"actionCardEntriesCollection":1162},"ActionCardBanner",{"id":1160},"4B1jbqghJNAiamx8wh5lYr","Find out more",{"items":1163},[1164,1172,1180],{"title":1165,"body":1166,"imageAltText":1167,"linkText":1168,"linkUrl":1169,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36,"image":1170},"Why do I need an eye test?","Eye tests play a huge part in making sure your eyes stay healthy.","A man undergoes an eye exam, looking into a slit lamp while an eye care professional examines his eye.","Check your vision","/eye-tests/do-i-need-an-eye-test",{"url":1171},"https://images.ctfassets.net/uuaxywrybmpn/0m0X2zxvzwmGgSdaLmKjr/22b1fcb2cff0c095c09f43cb83998189/eye-health_eyetest-banner-545x273.webp",{"title":1173,"body":1174,"imageAltText":1175,"linkText":1176,"linkUrl":1177,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36,"image":1178},"Your store visit explained","At Specsavers we are focused on caring for your eyes and giving you the best possible vision.","A optometrist operates an eye examination machine while an older man sits in front of it.","What to expect in-store","/eye-tests/your-store-visit-explained",{"url":1179},"https://images.ctfassets.net/uuaxywrybmpn/6QwhITwthLzuD6pL1VvWJi/ffd60b36927947fd2f69c9b209caa785/eye-health_storevisit-banner-545x273.webp",{"title":1181,"body":1182,"imageAltText":1183,"linkText":1184,"linkUrl":1185,"openLinkInANewBrowserTab":36,"image":1186},"More on eye tests","An eye test is not just about getting glasses – it is a vital health check for your eyes.","A friendly optometrist giving advice to a patient in the test room.","All about eye tests","/eye-tests",{"url":1187},"https://images.ctfassets.net/uuaxywrybmpn/5klEt6jTY53XMRkReMeHt9/47f0f0e423a6f56d34cbcf07210ee0b1/eye-health_eyetestinfo-banner-545x273.webp",{"__typename":861,"sys":1189,"title":1191,"theme":1192,"listType":1193,"expandAccordion":36,"accordionEntriesCollection":1194},{"id":1190},"3BvnafBbHG7FFQlCN4OxeH","Terms & Conditions","Grey","Bullet",{"items":1195},[1196],{"__typename":1197,"body":1198},"TermsAndConditions",{"json":1199},{"data":1200,"content":1201,"nodeType":184},{},[1202],{"data":1203,"content":1204,"nodeType":183},{},[1205],{"data":1206,"marks":1207,"value":1208,"nodeType":174},{},[],"Free exam for AA Members applies to standard eye examinations only, normally valued at $60. Excludes contact lens examination and visual field checks. Limited to one per AA Member every two years. Available to current AA Members upon presentation of AA Membership card.",[17,17,17],1781183066398]